For the self-understanding of insaan (human beings), hundreds of year ago Qur’an brought insight about Ruh/Nafs/Soul to mankind. It has three aspects like Nafus-e-Amara (blind trend toward selfish desires, like id impulses), Nafus-e-Lowama (application of insight with a balanced social-norms while satisfaction of needs, like super-ego or conscience), and Nafus-e Mutmaina (a balanced self, like ego with soothing feelings and remaining happy on fulfilment of genuine needs by thanking the Provider). So, the Creator knows the Ruh/inner self as it cannot be hidden from him as narrated in V-21:110,” (Say O Muhammad) Verily, He (Allah) knows that which is spoken aloud (openly) and that which you conceal.”
During the process of Ruh’s refinement since the creation of Adam, the generation is inventing as well as exploring the hidden dimension of the nature. In this way an artificial paradise is in process but it is beyond human control to control death, diseases, losses, catastrophes, seasons, climate or geographical changes etc., or the universal system run by the Almighty Allah (God). Depending on the early stages of personality development in a wealthy, carefree environment with abundance, the person might adapt an arrogant attitude and take for granted the blessings of the Lord like a spoiled ruler who learned to rule over the masses without any accountability or limitation. Often such Ruh become dominant by self-centered compulsions with rigidity to such an extension that he mostly loses logical application of senses and retaliates with aggression. The Qur’an has repeatedly told of such mentally sick aggressors who were destroyed for such deeds. The mental state of such persons is analyzed in V-2: 6-10,” Verily, those who disbelieve, it is the same to them whether you (O Muhammad Peace be upon him) warn them or do not warn them, they will not believe. Allah has set a seal on their hearts and on their hearings, (i.e. they are closed from accepting Allah's Guidance), and on their eyes there is a covering. Theirs will be a great torment. And of mankind, there are some (hypocrites) who say: "We believe in Allah and the Last Day" while in fact they believe not. They (think to) deceive Allah and those who believe, while they only deceive themselves, and perceive (it) not! In their hearts is a disease (of doubt and hypocrisy) and Allah has increased their disease. A painful torment is theirs because they used to tell lies.”
As far as Nafus-e-Lowama is concerned, Ruh is blessed with insight, just like a sensitive censor for self-control and self-correction in life. So it is warned that one should apply senses to control Amara (Evil) intensions like Mutatarif (Extremist), Kazeb (Liar), Aneed (Rebel), Zanoon (Subjective assumptions), Khasem (Argumentative), Mujrim (Incriminating), Mufsed (Trouble-maker), Munkir (Obstinate), Maghroor (Arrogant), Mushrik (Polytheist), Yaskharoon (Ridiculing), Zaeef (Emotionally Weak), Fawish (Shameful deeds/Malicious), Zalem (Cruel), Jahel (Ignorant), Insaan (Forgetful/short memory) Muftenoon (Insane/crazy), Kaluha (Easily dishearted), Farara (Reluctant), Moleenm (Disgraced), Muntasir (Destroyed), Tatamara (Antagonist/argumentative), Muzdajir (Dishonorable), Saroora (Deranged), Aashir (Self-centered), Alaudoon (Crossing limits), Manooa (Miser), Khataea (Sinner), Maazeera (Excuser), Bidaha (Mixing to facts), Sahoon (Lost in direction), Motawabaeen (Punished for Arrogancy), Muqsam (Disintegrator/manipulator), Zahed (Retaliator), Ghafiloon (Callous), Mutufafeen (Cheater), Ghaween (Lost), etc.
Throughout life, there is a constant fight and struggle between Nafus-e-Amara and Nafus-e-Lowama in deciding deeds. This is called life which means restless, anxiety and struggle till the last moment. When Ruh departs from the body then bodily needs and temptation also come to an end. Those who maintain a balanced and moderate line of action based on reasoning, have self-control and patience, enjoy life with self-content whereas those who are trapped in flow of Nafus-e-Amara, have all and still remain empty or restless in the race of temptations and extremity in life. In short, a Ruh/psyche with Nafus-e Mutmaina enjoys meaningful humanistic moderate life by sharing peace and pleasure with the fellow human beings without any guilt or anxiety.
Human beings are reminded that above all a Ruh is created by Allah inside one’s self as stated in V-7:205,” And remember your Lord by your tongue and within yourself, humbly and with fear without loudness in words in the mornings, and in the afternoons and be not of those who are neglectful.”
In it Nafs e Amara that acts like a wild horse and indeed overwhelmingly commands a person to do evil deeds, narrated in V-12:53,” And I free not myself (from the blame). Verily, the (human) self is inclined to evil, except when my Lord bestows His Mercy (upon whom He wills). Verily, my Lord is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful." So, in other words, this Nafs is sovereign over us, and human beings are subjugated by it to follow all of its dictates and commands.
There is no compulsion in Islam as it is guided with logic, so narrated to mankind in V-2: 256,” There is no compulsion in religion. Verily, the Right Path has become distinct from the wrong path. Whoever disbelieves in Taghut and believes in Allah, then he has grasped the most trustworthy handhold that will never break. And Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower.”
Second type of Nafs is known as Nafs-ul Lawwamah as stated in V-5:2. This word is derived from 'Lom' which means to 'reproach.' At this stage Nafs reaches a point that if it commits a sin, its conscience wakes up and criticizes the doer. This is the first indication that man's Nafs is wakening up and perhaps most men in the world are at this stage. When common men commit a sin, they awaken and become sorry and sad. It is this self-critic that forces some criminals to give themselves up. Lawwam here means to self-incriminate, to self-reproach, to have blame. So, this is that Nafs that does sometimes bring a person to sin, but then that Nafs self- incriminates, reproaches itself, feels bad and guilty. So, the sign of this is precisely that the person has such a Nafs that when they commit a sin they feel remorse, regret, guilt, shame, and embarrassment, and they wish they could take it back, that they never did it, that they may even intend at that moment never to do that again. So, they are fighting a battle with their Nafs. Sometimes they sin and sometimes they are able to stay away from sin. Mosque is taken as a symbol of social support, guidance and counseling from senior seasoned scholars, center of resolving community and religious issues, center of knowledge, research, social and judicial activities to promote love, respect, belongingness and homogeneity in society).
The third way of expression of Ruh, this word has been used in the Qur’an is Nafs-al-Mutmaina / satisfied soul. At this stage, Nafs reaches the stage of certainty; Holy Qur'an V-89:27-30) to the righteous as “(It will be said to the pious): "O (you) the one in (complete) rest and satisfaction! "Come back to your Lord, Well-pleased (yourself) and well-pleasing unto Him! "Enter you, then, among My honored slaves, "And enter you My Paradise!". So, Allah Almighty addresses in V-75:2 which means two things.
Finally, it is narrated that the Creator is aware of individual capacity of a person, but He is Gracious and Kind, so each one will be accounted accordingly, stated in the last verse of Al-Baqra as in V-2:286,” Allah burdens not a person beyond his scope. He gets reward for that (good) which he has earned, and he is punished for that (evil) which he has earned. "Our Lord! Punish us not if we forget or fall into error, our Lord! Lay not on us a burden like that which You did lay on those before us (Jews and Christians); our Lord! Put not on us a burden greater than we have strength to bear. Pardon us and grant us Forgiveness. Have mercy on us. You are our Maula (Patron, Supporter and Protector, etc.) and give us victory over the disbelieving people.”
MODERATE RELIGIOUS AND ETHICAL VALUES GENERATE PEACE & SOOTHING THINKING PATTERN
The Islamic knowledge is against rituals, assumption, cultural ceremonies or magical thoughts rather it is based on the scientific principles of evaluation and analysis of the data. Qur’an presents that the origin and life process of the psychological criteria is the basis of getting insight about the psychological foundation of human nature. So, some of the following alarming words are repeatedly used in this Holy Book with the references of previous holy books and various generation for learning a lesson for self-correction.
A) Yashadoona (Testify, bear witness and observation of facts- Open eyes and feel the universe by application of senses without any predisposition or collective unconscious powers prevalent in society or imposed strictly by family heads).
B) Yalamoon (Known to be educated or get knowledge of the universe with an objective approach without any subjective confusion, cultural limitations, free of all illusions or confessions in a cultural set-up).
C) Yaqaloon (Grasp intellectually and comprehend. Apply reasoning power with objectivity and apply inductive and deductive logic to draw conclusions based on personal observation and scientific experiences).
D) Yatawakaloon (rely upon, dependent). Tawaqal tu Allah based on the belief of Monotheism (Accepting the will of Almighty Allah who is taken as the sole authority of life, death and fate of each of His creature; is the only creator, provider, merciful, kind, autonomous, absolute, impartial, omnipresent, glorious, benefactor, auspicious, immortal power; awards one’s labor, blesses whatever is suitable for a person; look for His support during all crisis in life, have patience and He will reward).
E) Yutaqoon (only depending on Allah by fearing not to commit any disobedience and be quick to do the good deeds for getting His blessings).
F) Yubsaroon (visualize) seek insight (tangible and intangible) by looking into the facts objectively without involving in subjectivity, rigidity or any predisposition while observing Allah’s signs in nature or studying the Qur’an to find knowledge and wisdom in daily affairs).
G) Yasmaoon (hear, listen attentively) when facts are presented to get insight for self-correction.
H) Yanzaroon (observe physical elements) Pay full attention to seek the realities of the natural system running under the command of Almighty Allah.
I)) Yaslamoon (submit, acknowledge giving in) Acceptance of Prophet and the Qur’an (Strong commitment to follow Allah’s commands for guidance through His messenger in various aspects of life, belief in set standards of reward and punishment on rebirth for good or evil deeds on the Day of Judgment).
J) Yatafakaroon (think deeply, mindfully observed) Worry about the consequences of each action as on the Day of Judgment each one will have to pay the price of evil deeds and aggressive actions done in this life.
K) Yafaloona (rejoice, contain happiness) When people follow the Qur’an and mannerisms of the Prophet with devotion and patience, they should be happy as on the Day of Judgment they will enter paradise forever and will rejoice in the fruits of their labor in life.
L) Yatadabaroona (ponder, look into the meaning) Alqisas (Getting insight and lesson for self-correction based on the details of rise and fall of previous nations, presented by explaining the set principles of the Creator if they follow extreme behavior, do not correct their subjective desires, or refuse to follow the directions provided by prophets).
M) Yafaloona (implement, act accordingly). Application of five pillars of Islam (Monotheisms, regulated praying for blessings, charities for needy fellow humans, fasting for realizing the needs of other, unity at Hajj) as feelings based on needs in a social setup).
N) Yaskharoon (Human beings owe their gratitude to Allah for all their gains, health and for being blessed with the right path, so one must show appreciation and not take anything for granted).
O) Yazlamoon (The oppressors will be put in hell for their cruelty to mankind). P) Yunsaroon (The mutaqueen, pious and committed to Allah will be victorious on the final destination in this world and afterward).
Q) Yasbaroon (Allah has the best reward for those who have patience, perseverance under hardships or testing of commitment to the will of Allah).
R) Yaghfaroon (whomsoever sincerely repents for the bad deeds done in any form, Allah is gracious in pardoning and granting him forgiveness).
S) Yarjaoon (returning to destination, pre-destined abode as everyone is mortal and will be accountable to the Almighty Allah about all his deeds).
T) Yahtadoon (to get guided, finding the right path).
U) Application of middle path (Mental peace and stability process by keeping a balance between Id (instinctive needs) and Ego (human dignity as unique human beings with goodness, conscience) through Superego (reasoning and logic) in reference to society).
V) Reinforcement (Developing self-control and an award system by working with international rules of training, control and awards of behavior based on a set formula of accountability; following ethical and moral values based on reasoning, moderate life with respect of each individual’s rights and duties).
A person has been molded, trained and disciplined it in such a way, that the only thing that makes it happy, that gives it solace, the only thing, that it is content with, is what Allah Almighty is pleased and content with. So, its heart’s content lies in that which Allah Almighty is happy and pleased with. Its second meaning of Mutmaina is that has reached a state of serenity. The serene, contented, tranquility, at peace Nafs. And obviously, the peace here means that it has got insight from doing sins. It has no unlawful desires but it only desires good things. That faculty, that part of their humanity that desires, only and only desires things that Allah Almighty views as desirable and has stopped desiring those things that Allah Almighty has labeled as undesirable.
(Cont'd in the Book)